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101.
Silver nanoparticle (SNP) is a threat to soil, water and human health. Protection of environment from silver nanoparticles is a
major concern. A sewage isolate, Bacillus pumilus treated with SNPs showed similar growth kinetics to that without nanoparticles.
A reduction in the amount of exopolysaccharides was observed after SNPs – B. pumilus culture supernatant interaction. The Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) peaks for the exopolysaccharides extracted from the bacterial culture supernatant and the
interacted SNPs were almost similar. The exopolysaccharide capping of the SNPs was confirmed by UV-Visible, FT-IR and X-ray
di raction analysis. The study of bacterial exopolysaccharides capped SNPs with E. coli, S. aureus and M. luteus showed less toxicity
compared to uncoated SNPs. Our studies suggested that the capping of nanoparticles by bacterially produced exopolysaccharides serve
as the probable mechanism of tolerance. 相似文献
102.
Profenofos, a well known organophosphate pesticide, has been in agricultural use over the last two decades for controlling
Lepidopteron pests of cotton and tobacco crops. In this study, a bacterial strain, OW, was isolated from a long term profenofos exposed
soil by an enrichment technique, and its ability to degrade profenofos was determined using gas chromatography. The isolated strain
OW was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa according to its physiological and biochemical properties, and the analysis of its 16S
rRNA gene sequence. The strain grew well at pH 5.5–7.2 with a broad temperature profile. Bioremediation of profenofos-contaminated
soil was examined using soil treated with 200 g/g profenofos, which resulted in a higher degradation rate than control soils without
inoculation. In a mineral salt medium (FTW), removal in the level of profenofos of 86.81% was obtained within 48 h of incubation.
The intermediates of profenofos metabolism indicated that the degradation occurred through a hydrolysis mechanism, and one of the
metabolites was found to be 4 bromo-2-cholorophenol (BCP) which in turn was also mineralized by the strain. The results of this study
highlighted the potentiality of P. aeruginosa as a biodegrader which could be used for the bioremediation of profenofos contaminated
soil. 相似文献
103.
Nivedita Chatterjee Zejiao Luo 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):196-202
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] bioreduction produces soluble Cr(III)-organic complexes. The Cr(III)-organic complexes are relatively
stable once they are formed, and no data about their toxicity were reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the
bioavailability and toxicity of the soluble Cr(III)-organic complexes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae L-1 wild type yeast strain was chosen as the model organism and Cr(III)-citrate was selected as the representative compound
of the Cr(III)-organic complexes. The short-term chronic aquatic toxicity tests of the Cr(III)-citrate was explored by measuring
growth inhibition, direct viable cell count, dry biomass, biosorption, and the amount of CO2 production. Cr(III)-citrate exerted a toxicity of 51 mg/L with an EC
50, which was calculated from the percent growth inhibition. These toxicity data would be helpful to define the toxic potential
of the organo-chromium-III compounds in the environment. 相似文献
104.
Mukherjee D Manna M Selvaraj S Bhattacharya S Homechoudhury S Chakraborty A 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(3):251-254
The paper describes differential tolerance of two fresh water crustaceans Mesocyclops hyalinus and Allodiaptomus satanus to 60Co gamma radiation. Mesocyclops hyalinus is dominant species at site 1, near a Thermal Power Plant at Kolaghat East Midnapore where fly ash deposition is a regular phenomenon. Allodiaptomus satanus is dominant species at site 2 at Kolkata, Ballygung where anthroponotic activities are more pronounced. M. hyalinus is naturally exposed to more stressful situation than A. satanus as revealed by comparing the hydrological parameters of the two habitats. Experimental exposure to ionizing radiation resulted in differential changes in viability morphology and antioxidant enzyme activities in the two selected species. Survival experiments showed greater tolerance of M. hyalinus compared to A. satanus up to 8Gy (absorbed dose) after which if showed drastic fail in survival. More pronounced morphological changes were observed in A. satanus as compared to that in M. hyalinus. The pattern of changes in antioxidant enzyme activity is distinctly opposite in the two radiation exposed species. While in M. hyalinus stimulation in activity of both CAT (excepting at 10Gy absorbed dose) and SOD was observed A. satanus showed decrease in activity of both the enzymes when compared to their unirradiated counterparts. 相似文献
105.
Organochlorine pesticide residues in sediments of a tropical mangrove estuary,India: implications for monitoring 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The paper examines the concentrations of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), alpha-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in surface sediment samples collected from the mouth of Hugli estuary in the vicinity of Sundarban mangrove environment, eastern part of India. An overall pattern of accumulation of these pesticides was in the order of: SigmaHCH>endosulfan sulfate>SigmaDDT>alpha-endosulfan. The concentration of these compounds was quite low. An elevated level of SigmaHCH, SigmaDDT and endosulfan sulfate were marked during premonsoon months, a period characterized by high salinity and pH values. Among the isomers and metabolites of HCH and DDT, beta-HCH, pp'-DDT and pp'-DDE were found to be dominant. The sources of contamination are closely related to human activities, such as domestic and industrial discharges, agricultural chemical applications and soil erosion due to deforestation. The study is compared to other estuarine environment in India and abroad. The present data will serve as a baseline against which future anthropogenic effects may be assessed. 相似文献
106.
Einstein Mariya David Sugantharaj David Madhav Madurantakam Royam Suresh Kumar Rajamani Sekar Bhuvaneshwari Manivannan Swathy Jalaja Soman Amitava Mukherjee Chandrasekaran Natarajan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24187-24200
Although the toxicological impact of metal oxide nanoparticles has been studied for the last few decades on aquatic organisms, the exact mechanism of action is still unclear. The fate, behavior, and biological activity of nanoparticles are dependent on physicochemical factors like size, shape, surface area, and stability in the medium. This study deals with the effect of nano and bulk CeO2 particles on marine microcrustacean, Artemia salina. The primary size was found to be 15 ± 3.5 and 582 ± 50 nm for nano and bulk CeO2 (TEM), respectively. The colloidal stability and sedimentation assays showed rapid aggregation of bulk particles in seawater. Both the sizes of CeO2 particles inhibited the hatching rate of brine shrimp cyst. Nano CeO2 was found to be more toxic to A. salina (48 h LC50 38.0 mg/L) when compared to bulk CeO2 (48 h LC50 92.2 mg/L). Nano CeO2-treated A. salina showed higher oxidative stress (ROS) than those treated with the bulk form. The reduction in the antioxidant activity indicated an increase in oxidative stress in the cells. Higher acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) was observed upon exposure to nano and bulk CeO2 particles. The uptake and accumulation of CeO2 particles were increased with respect to the concentration and particle size. Thus, the above results revealed that nano CeO2 was more lethal to A. salina as compared to bulk particles. 相似文献
107.
Extraction of Crotalaria juncea (Sunn hemp) oil from its seeds is important to study because of its proven promising clean fuel characteristics. Soxhlet-based solvent extraction with some modification has been tried to extract the oil. In a fluid-solid mass transfer system, where, solids are present as packed bed, dynamic behavior of bed can be described in terms of concentration of solute in solids/solvent-time profile. Some of the well-known semi-empirical models of adsorption dynamics are modified and applied since leaching of oil is just the reverse of the phenomenon of adsorption in porous media. Modified Bohart-Adams model (non-linear), modified Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) (linear), and modified Thomas model (non-linear forms) are applied. It is found that these models fit to the experimental result reasonably well. Results suggest that higher bed height, with proper shape (annular) of the bed, having a higher solvent velocity will work best. Comparing the error values (SSE, SAE, and ARE) in the four cases, it is very clear that the modified BDST model is the most suitable. In the light of transient study it is established that the modified Soxhlet apparatus with cylindrical and annular beds, performs best while leaching Crotalaria juncea oil from their seeds. 相似文献
108.
Iswarya Velu Palanivel Abirami Chandrasekaran Natarajan Mukherjee Amitava 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(12):11998-12013
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the current study, the effect of different types of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (rutile, anatase, and mixture) was analyzed on... 相似文献
109.
Thiagarajan Vignesh Ramasubbu Seenivasan Natarajan Chandrasekaran Mukherjee Amitava 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21394-21403
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of P25 TiO2 NPs in consumer products, their release, and environmental accumulation will have harmful effects on the coastal ecosystems. The... 相似文献
110.
River channel migration is the universal phenomenon that is common in almost all alluvial rivers. The holy River Ganga, the heartbeat of India, is also not an exception in this case. It has shifted its course from time to time. After crossing the Rajmahal hills that is situated in the north-eastern corner of the Chota Nagpur plateau, this main river of India has started its lower course by flowing over the great low-lying flat plain of Bengal. In this flat plain area, the channel migration is a common phenomenon which is observed in the River Ganga also. The study is done in the segment of the Ganga River which is situated in the Diara surrounding area. Diara is a physical cum administrative region of the Malda district of the state of West Bengal of India which occupies an area of almost 900 km2. For the identification of channel migration zone, several methods are used like construction of historical migration zone (HMZ), erosion buffer (EB), avulsion potential zone (APZ), restricted and un-restricted migration area (RMA and UrMA) and retreating migration zone (RMZ). The impact of the channel migration over the villages of the Diara region has also been depicted in this study. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (RS–GIS) is used to perform this study by taking the help of historical maps, Survey of India topographical sheets, LANDSAT imageries, etc. The results show that the river has a historical migration zone of 855.55 km2 during 1926–2016 period which is near the entire area of the Diara region (i.e. 900 km2). The construction of EB over the Ganga River for the next 100 years shows that more than half of the area of the Diara region will go under the river bed. 相似文献